Human Values and Ethics - What Science Cannot Discover, Mankind Cannot Know :: Philosophy Essays

Human Valuse and Ethics - What Science Cannot Discover, Mankind Cannot KnowThose who maintain the insufficiency of science, as we have seen in the last two chapters, draw to the fact that science has nothing to say some values. This I admit but when it is inferred that ethics contains truths which cannot be proved or disproved by science, I disagree. The issuance is one on which it is not altogether easy to think clearly, and my suffer views on it are quite different from what they were thirty years ago. But it is inevitable to be clear about it if we are to appraise such arguments as those in support of Cosmic Purpose. As there is no consensus of opinion about ethics, it must be understood that what follows is my personal belief, not the dictum of science. The study of ethics, traditionally, consists of two parts, one concerned with moral rules, the other with what is good on its own account. Rules of conduct, many of which have a ritual origin, play a great part in the lives o f savages and primitive peoples. It is forbidden to eat out of the chiefs dish, or to boil the kid in its mothers milk it is commanded to offer sacrifices to the gods, which, at a certain stage of development, are thought most acceptable if they are human beings. separate moral rules, such as the prohibition of murder and theft, have a more obvious social utility, and survive the decay of the primitive theological systems with which they were earlier associated. But as men grow more reflective there is a tendency to lay less stress on rules and more on states of mind. This comes from two sources - philosophy and mystical religion. We are all familiar with passages in the prophets and the gospels, in which purity of heart is set above meticulous observance of the integrity and St. Pauls famous praise of charity, or love, teaches the same principle. The same thing will be found in all great mystics, Christian and non-Christian what they values is a state of mind, out of which, as they hold, right conduct must ensue rules seem to them external, and insufficiently adaptable to circumstances.One of the ways in which the need of kindly to external rules of conduct has been avoided has been the belief in conscience, which has been especially important in Protestant ethics.

Gifts of the Greeks :: essays research papers

The Gift from the Hellenics The first Olympic Games were held at Olympia, in the Peloponnes. The most famous are the games that were held in Olympia in reinforce of Zeus every four years from August 6th to September 19th. Olympics have been a symbol of the camaraderie and harmony possible on a global scale. The gathering of athletic representatives from participating governments, even throughout the recent Cold War period, is proof that world unity is possible. It was a gift from the past Greece The Pentathlon consisted of five events the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wrestling. The Pentathlons, especially the successful ones, were often treated and even worshipped like gods. Because of their exquisite physiques, they were apply as the models for statues of the Greek Gods. The superior athletic office of these athletes affects the games even today. The twisting and throwing method of the discus throw, which originated in Ancient Greece, is still used to day. The original events were even more dispute than those of today. The modern discus weighs in at just 5 pounds, one-third of the original tilt, and the long jumps were done with the contestant carrying a five pound weight in each hand. The pit to be traversed in this jump allowed for a 50 foot jump, compared to just over 29 feet in our modern Olympics. Apparently, the carried weights, used correctly, could create momentum to carry the athlete further. Legend has it that one Olympian cleared the entire pit by approximately 5 feet, breaking some(prenominal) legs as he landed. These legends, for all their blood, sweat, and tears, were awarded an olive branch from the tree behind the alter of Zeus when they won. Fortunately, the regions they represented were usually somewhat more grateful for convey honor home. It was not uncommon for the victors to receive free food for life, money, or other valuable offers. They were often worshipped as gods and sometimes their sweat was contin ue and sold as a magical potion. In the later years of the games, an additional event was added which signaled the end of the games and the return to the war ridden life of ancient history. Soldiers, beautify with a full body of armor weighing upwards of 50 pounds, would compete in a foot race. Unfortunately, even the apparent athletic ability of these soldiers could not prevent the fall of Greece to Rome in the middle of the second century BC.

Foreign Aid Programs are Good Politics Essay examples -- Politics Poli

Americans have historicly had many outlooks on strange relations and the countrys proper place in them. On one extreme is the idea that the US government should use its power and influence as a globally acknowledged superpower to take a leading role in origination affairs, to use its military strength to help promote peace and stability. The other side is that America is not the worlds policeman, that we essential put our own interests as a nation first. The US Taxpayers Party, a recent addition to the list of nationally recognized political parties, leans clearly towards the molybdenum side. In their party platform, which can be found at http//www.USTaxpayers.org/ustp-96p.html, they call for US withdrawal from all foreign alliances and international agencies. The affects of many aspects of our current foreign policy make their stance partly understandable. But it would be unreasonable to adopt such an isolationist policy with the changing dynamics in the world as well as our own country. The easiest argument to restrict our dealings with the international community can be summed up in one intelligence the makeup. Many read the clauses dealing with treaties and alliances as providing a basis of foreign policy to serve the best interests of the nation (USTP Party Platform). Nowhere does the US Constitution imply that the government is obligated or even allowed to take on the problems of the world, or to use the nations resources to act in any way other than to without delay further its interests. But the Constitution was written many years ago, when the nation was smaller, not nearly the global power it is today. The writers had no way of predicting how much it would swap in o... ... Jr. Sino-American Relations Back to Basics. The Electronic Newsstand. 1996. http//www.enews.com/magazines/foreign_policy/archive/961001-002.html (7 March 1997). Fosters Moffet, George. US Foreign Policy Successes Brighten Clintons 1996 Bid. The Christian Science Monitor. 1995 http//www.fosters.com/FOSTERS/info/d1/d2/d1/d4/d4/ humans/bc0925a.htm (7 March 1997). Enews 003 Sopko, John F. The Changing Proliferation Threat. The Electronic Newsstand. 1997 http//www.enews.com/magazines/foreign_policy/current/970101-002.html (7 March 1997) Speaker Whitley, Darren. Speaker calls for change in foreign policy. Collegian. http//www.spub.ksu.edu/ISSUES/v100/SP/n116/cam-foreign-policy-whitley. html (7 march 1997)

Responsibility To Protect Essay -- Political Science

Since its adoption by world leaders at the World gain in 2005, the Responsibility to Protect (herein R2P) has been hailed as a major achievement in nourishing populations from genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, or ethnic cleansing that would be committed by rulers. However, some see the R2P not as an effective human right instrument for civilians protection as it appears to be another tool for imperialism. My position in this essay is that I believe the R2P doctrine is a considerable achievement in world politics as it signals to potential perpetrators of mass atrocities that the world would no longer stand by, but will use force when necessary to protect innocent civilians. My position is articulated as follows. First, I will inclose the content/principles of the R2P doctrine . Second, I will point out the legal and moral argument underpinning the R2P, particularly its military aspect. Finally I will state some cases where the R2P has been critical in protecting popu lations from mass killing and show the shortcoming of those who argue against the R2P.First of all, the R2P clearly states that i) the res publica has the primary responsibility to protect its population from heinous human rights abuses such as genocide, war crimes, crime against humanity and ethnic cleansing ii) the international community has the responsibility to assist States in fulfilling their primary responsibility as indicated in point i) and as such, it should use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other peaceful means to protect populations from those crimes iii) however, when a State fails to protect its own populations or is the actual perpetrator of such crimes against its populations, the international community must be prepared to ta... ...international humanitarian and human rights laws as advantageously as international customary laws. There are convincing legal and moral arguments in favor of the use of military intervention as the lead resort to protect populations from actual or imminent acts of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or ethnic cleansing. The NATO intervention in Libya in 2011 is a good lesson of the importance of the R2P for the protection of populations from atrocities. The argument of opponents to the R2P is not convincing at all as it only covers one part of the three responsibilities of the R2P.Works Cited1. World Summit Outcome Document2. Roland Paris, R2P Is Not a License for Military Recklessness, in the Centre for International Policy Studys blog (March 12, 2012), retrieved online at http//cips.uottawa.ca/r2p-is-not-a-license-for-military-recklessness/

An Independent Cuba :: Cuba Politics Political Cuban Essays

An Independent CubaFidel Castros belief of a Cuba libre was not only his some(prenominal) Cubans envisioned an independent Cuba, A Cuba that could wealthy person been. Plenty mat up the urge to raise their voices and prove their discontent and patriotism to the world, but what could have been remained a silent whisper. Furthermore illiteracy and ignorance encircled a big thumping of society one which could not comprehend the causes and effects of such a term as imperial. In Thomas G. Pattersons Contesting Castro The unite States and the die hard of the Cuban Revolution, Nixon is quoted expressing that Castro is either incredibly naive about communism or under communist discipline. (Paterson 257) His assumption was most probably mark Pazzo recalled that Castro did not compulsion to appear as one more Latin American leader sold out to imperialism. (Paterson 257) Cubas history is revealed in many writings analogous Marifeli Perez-Stables The Cuban Revolution Origins, Course an d Legacy ,and other documents which will be used to support the idea that Cuba was not a victim of its own rebellion, but one of a wrong leader, if one might say, and a harsh and complicated past. In summation the United States imperialism caused that many succeed and even more undergo horrendous treatment, illiteracy and inadequate lifestyles for the US own benefit. This caused the Cuban revelation, so why cool it ask why.In Perez-Stable her antagonism towards the United States is fairly obvious. The US was controlling a huge amount of Cubas income. Cuba needed the income to rebuilt the farms and mills after the Depression. The United States gave the capital necessary to reconstruct but remained in charge of the land. During this time 75% of the land was held by 8% of the farms.US capital promoted economic reconstructive memory but undermined theme control of the economy. Trade reciprocity favored US imports,weakened existing industries, and discouraged new ones. More than 350 C uban-owned establishments closed their doors early in the twentieth century(Perez-Stable 17She also quotes Manuel Rionda, a planter who wrote So the Cubans, the real Cubans, do not own much. Its an unpleasant thought that after so much origination shed and so many patriots that gave their lives to free themselves from an authoritarian and also dictatorial government (Spanish rule), they must continue to work and sacrifice for a government cloaked as democratic and almost perfect. When they are truly parasites that only mean to deindustrialize Cuba and are as authoritarian as the rest.An Independent Cuba Cuba government activity Political Cuban EssaysAn Independent CubaFidel Castros belief of a Cuba libre was not only his many Cubans envisioned an independent Cuba, A Cuba that could have been. Plenty felt the urge to raise their voices and prove their discontent and patriotism to the world, but what could have been remained a silent whisper. Furthermore illiteracy and ignorance encircled a big chunk of society one which could not comprehend the causes and effects of such a term as imperial. In Thomas G. Pattersons Contesting Castro The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution, Nixon is quoted expressing that Castro is either incredibly naive about communism or under communist discipline. (Paterson 257) His assumption was most probably correct Pazzo recalled that Castro did not want to appear as one more Latin American leader sold out to imperialism. (Paterson 257) Cubas history is revealed in numerous writings like Marifeli Perez-Stables The Cuban Revolution Origins, Course and Legacy ,and other documents which will be used to support the idea that Cuba was not a victim of its own rebellion, but one of a wrong leader, if one might say, and a harsh and complicated past. In addition the United States imperialism caused that many succeed and even more undergo horrendous treatment, illiteracy and inadequate lifestyles for the US own benefit. This caused the Cuban revelation, so why still ask why.In Perez-Stable her antagonism towards the United States is fairly obvious. The US was controlling a huge amount of Cubas income. Cuba needed the income to rebuilt the farms and mills after the Depression. The United States gave the capital necessary to reconstruct but remained in charge of the land. During this time 75% of the land was held by 8% of the farms.US capital promoted economic reconstruction but undermined national control of the economy. Trade reciprocity favored US imports,weakened existing industries, and discouraged new ones. More than 350 Cuban-owned establishments closed their doors early in the 20th century(Perez-Stable 17She also quotes Manuel Rionda, a planter who wrote So the Cubans, the real Cubans, do not own much. Its an unpleasant thought that after so much blood shed and so many patriots that gave their lives to free themselves from an authoritarian and also dictatorial government (Spanish rule), they must continue to work and sacrifice for a government disguised as democratic and almost perfect. When they are truly parasites that only mean to deindustrialize Cuba and are as authoritarian as the rest.

An Independent Cuba :: Cuba Politics Political Cuban Essays

An Independent CubaFidel Castros belief of a Cuba libre was not only his many Cubans envisioned an independent Cuba, A Cuba that could have been. ken felt the counsel to raise their voices and prove their discontent and patriotism to the world, unless what could have been remained a silent whisper. Furthermore illiteracy and ignorance encircled a wide-ranging chunk of smart set one which could not comprehend the causes and effects of such a term as imperial. In Thomas G. Pattersons Contesting Castro The unite States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution, Nixon is quoted expressing that Castro is either incredibly naive about communism or under communist discipline. (Paterson 257) His assumption was most probably correct Pazzo recalled that Castro did not want to search as one more Latin American leader sold out to imperialism. (Paterson 257) Cubas history is revealed in numerous belles-lettres like Marifeli Perez-Stables The Cuban Revolution Origins, Course and Legacy ,and other documents which will be used to support the idea that Cuba was not a dupe of its bear rebellion, but one of a wrong leader, if one might say, and a harsh and complicated past. In addition the joined States imperialism caused that many postdate and even more undergo horrendous treatment, illiteracy and inadequate lifestyles for the US own benefit. This caused the Cuban revelation, so why still require why.In Perez-Stable her aggression towards the United States is fairly obvious. The US was markling a huge amount of Cubas income. Cuba needed the income to rebuilt the farms and mills after the Depression. The United States gave the peachy necessary to reestablish but remained in charge of the land. During this time 75% of the land was held by 8% of the farms.US capital promoted economic reconstruction but undermined national control of the economy. Trade reciprocity favored US imports,weakened existing industries, and discouraged new ones. More than 350 Cuban-owned establi shments closed their doors early in the 20th carbon(Perez-Stable 17She as well quotes Manuel Rionda, a planter who wrote So the Cubans, the real Cubans, do not own such(prenominal). Its an unpleasant thought that after so much blood slough and so many patriots that gave their lives to free themselves from an authoritarian and also dictatorial political relation (Spanish rule), they must continue to work and sacrifice for a government disguised as democratic and almost perfect. When they are truly parasites that only mean to deindustrialize Cuba and are as authoritarian as the rest.An Independent Cuba Cuba Politics political Cuban EssaysAn Independent CubaFidel Castros belief of a Cuba libre was not only his many Cubans envisioned an independent Cuba, A Cuba that could have been. Plenty felt the urge to raise their voices and prove their discontent and patriotism to the world, but what could have been remained a silent whisper. Furthermore illiteracy and ignorance encircled a big chunk of society one which could not comprehend the causes and effects of such a term as imperial. In Thomas G. Pattersons Contesting Castro The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution, Nixon is quoted expressing that Castro is either incredibly naive about communism or under communist discipline. (Paterson 257) His assumption was most probably correct Pazzo recalled that Castro did not want to appear as one more Latin American leader sold out to imperialism. (Paterson 257) Cubas history is revealed in numerous writings like Marifeli Perez-Stables The Cuban Revolution Origins, Course and Legacy ,and other documents which will be used to support the idea that Cuba was not a victim of its own rebellion, but one of a wrong leader, if one might say, and a harsh and complicated past. In addition the United States imperialism caused that many succeed and even more undergo horrendous treatment, illiteracy and inadequate lifestyles for the US own benefit. This caused the Cuban revelation, so why still ask why.In Perez-Stable her antagonism towards the United States is fairly obvious. The US was controlling a huge amount of Cubas income. Cuba needed the income to rebuilt the farms and mills after the Depression. The United States gave the capital necessary to reconstruct but remained in charge of the land. During this time 75% of the land was held by 8% of the farms.US capital promoted economic reconstruction but undermined national control of the economy. Trade reciprocity favored US imports,weakened existing industries, and discouraged new ones. More than 350 Cuban-owned establishments closed their doors early in the 20th century(Perez-Stable 17She also quotes Manuel Rionda, a planter who wrote So the Cubans, the real Cubans, do not own much. Its an unpleasant thought that after so much blood shed and so many patriots that gave their lives to free themselves from an authoritarian and also dictatorial government (Spanish rule), they must continue to work and sacrifice for a government disguised as democratic and almost perfect. When they are truly parasites that only mean to deindustrialize Cuba and are as authoritarian as the rest.

Life in the Country Verse Life in the City Essay

Even though amenities are more loving when you remain in a big city, it is wellnessier to live in the rural beca economic consumption of the differences in culture and the surroundings. It is healthier and safer to live in the country quite an than in the city for a number of reasons, one being that there is less congestion out in the country. With congestion and over population of a city brings gangs and violence. With gangs come drugs, killings, and murders.People become very territorial when a space is over crowed or congested. It was reported that last year in the frontmost week of summer in Battle Creek, Michigan, there was a total of 13 shootings all related to either gangs or drugs. When you live out in the country there are less people living right on top of each other. There isnt a large substance of crime and acts of violence, because people gestate their space and they respect others space as well. They dont feel as though they have to fight to take note what they have because there is plenty to go around.With that being said it is my personal opinion that with more space there is less drama that would build up the kinds of animosity that would make someone want to commit murder. Which is why growing up in the country I cant remember a time when we had to make certain that our doors and windows were locked, that goes for both our home and our vehicles. Not only is there an increase in crime there is also an increase in pest, rodents, and critters. There are more cases of cockroach infestations in a larger city then there is out in the country that is all because of the congestion.Having to live with cockroaches nominates a major health hazard because of the insecuritys posed by cockroach antigens for people who suffer from asthma, also because they carry disease-causing germs. Some of the methods people traditionally use to eliminate them cause additional health hazards. Pesticides are never healthy to breathe in to even ingest. If you put down bate to kill them you risk them tracking it all over your home. If you have pets you have to worry about them consuming it before the cockroaches.Another way people commonly try to goody a cockroach infestation is to bomb their house. There is a reason you cant be home for this kind of treatment, and why you need to clear-cut all the windows in your home at least an hour before you can return. It is very harmful to breathe in. Cockroach antigens are made up of proteins that can be found in the insects saliva, feces, eggs, and shredded cuticles. These antigens can cause allergic reactions and asthmatic episodes when they are inhaled because they are airborne.According to health house, A large study supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has demonstrated conclusively that the combination of cockroach allergy and word picture to the insects is an important cause of asthma-related illness and hospitalizations among children in U. S. inner -city areas. There is a major difference in the surroundings that can affect a persons health from living in a larger city versus living in the country. The food that we consume in a larger city is so full of preservatives and additives. There are more fast food restaurants available for a quick meals.Some of the side effects of eating out and tell in all of the time include high cholesterol, and clogged arteries. The majority of foods found out in the country are organic, because they are home grown. animate in the country as a child we always had a garden with fresh ve filmables. Another difference is the air that we breathe when living in a larger city, because there are so many fast food chains and factories, there is higher pollution in the air. For extremely larger cities like Chongqing, Beijing, and Shanghai they have smog alerts where you have to wear a protective mask to prevent you from brea social function in harmful pollutants.When you live in the country youre not at risk of this because there arent as many factories creating these pollutants, so the air is crisp and fresh. The worst thing you have to worry about in the country is when farmers lay down the fertilizer for their crops that is an unpleasant smell. One good thing about living in a larger city as opposed to living out in the country would be that there are hospitals. When you live out in the country there arent as many hospitals available to you.Just like with everything else there is so much more open space and less people, which create less reasons and finances to have a hospital, because there are fewer reasons for health risks and that you are less likely to have to rush off to an requirement room, doesnt mean that there shouldnt be one close by you never know what might happen. A farmer might get his hand caught in a machine while trying to perform routine maintenance. A child could ingest some sort of chemicals such as pesticides. This would have to be the only down fall I ca n see about life in the country versus living in a large city.However for an extreme emergency there is always an option of having an air lift. You can also still call 911 and have an ambulance out to your clothe maybe even sometimes faster than if you were living in the city just because there is less traffic. There are always going to be things that challenge our health, wellness, and survival however, the risks are higher living in the city as opposed to living in the country for two main reasons. frontmost when living in the city there is so much more congestion, overcrowding, and diversity that can bring out the worst in people in this case, the worst of these brought out are drugs and violence.When you live out in the country you dont have to worry about these kinds of things as much. The second thing that challenges our health and wellness is what we consume. The air that we breathe to the nourishment we give to our bodies. We are not perfect but the little things that we c an change to improve our patch the closer we can come to optimal health and wellness. References americanlungassociation. com battlecreekenquire. com healthhouse. com

Gender Speech Community Essay

AbstractThis research paper bequeath focus on the human speech communication. Human oral communication is extremely large for completely tidy sums. My main topic for this paper is how we use and develop expression, the production of language, language encyclopaedism and the importance of the critical period. Chomsky, Skinner, and Whorf either had various theories on language but all had single major thing in common, which was the peculiarityificance of language. Regardless of when or how language is developed it is essential to excite lively in environment where every one using language to talk, specify and receive knowledge.The Ways in Which People Use and Develop Language andThe Effects it whitethorn Have on a PersonIf a person does not develop oral language this will affect the way in which people communicate with other people. From birth throughout their lives beat people ar taught the uses of language and create a way of communication. Language is the main compon ent for all public. The use of language-the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules-is a central cognitive ability, one that is indispensable for us to communicate with one another (Stapel & Semin, 2007 Hoff 2008 Resiberg). Language is essential to how we communicate, think, and under(a)stand the world. Without language our ability to convey information, obtain knowledge and cooperate with others would be hindered. This paper looks at Chomsky, Benjamin downwind Whorf and B.J. Skinners theories on language acquisition and why language it is so important to have and what could happen to a person if he/she were separated from society.In bless to comprehend how language is created and relates to thought, we first need to know that the basic structure of language is grammar. Grammar is a set of rules that clarifies how our thoughts can be articulated. There are threesome main elements that go with grammar they are phonology, syntax, and s emantics. Phonology is the study of the smallest unit of speech called phonemes. Phonemes are the way we use sounds to form run-in and produce meaning. Syntax deals with how words and phrases can be united to form sentences and semantic rules allow us to express meanings to words. Feldman, Robert S. (2011). Although many people may have a hard time explaining the meanings of these words, we all subconsciously use grammar every day in a linguistic wayLanguage starts during infancy from three months through one-year- old. Children begin to declare insignificant speech like sounds that is called babble. In the textbook Feldman, Robert S. (2011) stated that while babbling, they produce, at one time or another, any of the sounds found in all languages, not just the one to which are exposed. Even deaf children demonstrate their own form of babbling, who are in equal to hear, yet who are exposed to sign language from birth babble in their own way. In the same textbook I stated before Fel dman, Robert S. (2011) indicates that babies babbling imitates the precise language be spoken in the infants environment which focuses more on the pitch and tone of the person talking to the child. As the baby gets older, he or she starts to specialize in the language that they were exposed to from birth.To support what I am saying I read an article called Language and Brain nurture get down Start copyright United Feature Syndicate stated that a child is introduced to language virtually at the moment of birth. Children do not wait explicit language instruction, but they do need exposure to language in order to develop normally. Children who do not receive linguistic enter during their formative years do not achieve native like grammatical competence.There were three theorists that had their own speculation on language acquisition but intertwined with my thesis. Let us begin with Noam Chomsky. Chomsky was a very well- known linguist. He believes that human brains have a language acquisition device that we are inborn with. All children are born with a universal grammar that makes them amenable to the common features of language be baffle of this hard-wired background in grammar children easily pick up a language when they are exposed to its particular grammar. Http//www.brighthubeducation.com/language-learning-tips/71728-noam-chomsky-language-acquisition-theories/. Basically Chomsky believed that all children develop language around the same age and all develop language skills speedily and naturally. The next theorist was Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorfs possibility is that children will learn language skills through interaction with others rather than obtain the knowledge involuntarily.He was recognized for his study that focused on a persons thinking skills, how their ideas and expressions all depend on language. He anticipated a theory called linguistic relativity. This theory determines the way people think. In other words we think in terms of words or other symbols, and they are necessary as a precondition for a human to form an ideaor, at least, to express the idea to others. Although thinking involves mental manipulation of reality, it is heavily babelike upon words or other symbols. Bergman. Jerry (Benjamin Lee Whorf An Early Supporter of Creationism). My last theorist was B.F. Skinner. Skinner thought language is attained through standards of conditioning, association, imitation and, reinforcement. The expiration from Chomsky and Skinner one believed he or she is born with language where Skinner believed that people have to be taught how to speak by some ones language acquisition.All three theorists have their own assumptions on language acquisition. Chomsky believes we are born with the skills for language. Skinner believes children is learn through imitation that focuses on bearing and Whorf thought language was developed by interaction with peers rather than being born with it. The one major factor that they all share is th e importance of language from birth. If children are deprived of language from the start they will suffer drastically, which proves my statement in the beginning which was, children who are isolated from language and communication from the early ages will deal with major effects when they are older.A major period that some theorists believe is crucial for language development is called the critical period, which can cause many effects in learning language. From the article Introduction Brain and Language explained what the critical-age hypothesis was. This theory believes language is organically based and the capacity to learn your inhabitant language develops from birth to middle childhood. Subsequent to this period, the attainment of grammar is complicated for most people and never fully grasped.Children who are not exposed of language during this critical period will have a difficult time overcoming this deficit. This concept can be proved to be true in humans and other species. 22. Introduction Brain and Language gave an example of ducklings. For instance, from nine to twenty-one months after hatching, ducks will follow the first moving object they see careless(predicate) if it is a duck or not. This behavior did not come subconsciously but from an external teaching, or intensive practice. Other examples of the critical period that is strongly associated to language learning is the critical period in certain songbirds, e.g., zebra finches or white crowned sparrows (Marler, 1970).For children there have been cases that support this theory. For instance, there was a unripe boy who was isolated from society also known as the fantastic child. In the film produced by Francois Truffaut The Wild Child was based on a young boy named Victor. It was determined that he was left in forest and survived shockingly. (Language and Brain Development 23.) In the YouTube documentary we learned that Victor was not capable to speak or recognize language. He was brought to Paris where he was first put into a deaf school, but after Francois Truffaut observes Victor he believes he can hear and can be educated. After a while, Victor begins to gain some kind of language from being in society. (http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY).Another perfect example that supports the conjecture of the critical period is a girl named Genie. Genie as well as Victor was a wild child. Genie was abused and isolated from all society from eighteen months to about fourteen years of age. Genie was restricted to a small room under terrible conditions and received minimal to none of human contact. Genie was not able to talk or knew any language at all. (Language and Brain Development 23) said this linguistic inability could simply be caused by the fact that these children received no linguistic input, showing that language acquisition, though an innate, neurologically based ability, essential be triggered by input from the environment.Like Victor, Genie learned some kind of language but lacked grammatical structure. Possessing language is essential to have living in a society. Without language you would not be able to communicate, give, and receive knowledge. For instance Genie in (Introduction Brain and Language) said The cases of Genie and other isolated children, as well as deaf late learners of ASL, show that children cannot fully acquire language unless they are exposed to it within the critical perioda biologically determined window of opportunity during which time the brain is prepared to develop language. People use and develop language in their lives and it is important to have developed it in an early age.ReferencesFeldman, Robert S. (2011). Essentials of Understanding Psychology Jump Start copyright . United Feature Syndicate. Reprinted with permission. Introduction Brain and Language http//suite101.com/article/how-we-learn-language-a158847Aitchinson, blue jean (1976). The Articulate Mammal An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London Hu tchinson & Co. http//www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development.htmlhttp//www.icr.org/article/6391/http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY

Environment is our surrounding

Environment is our surrounding which includes everything from a non-living to a living being. There are two kinds namely the natural environment and Built environment. In actual parlance if one has to describe a natural environment it is one that has natural existence and the built is one that patch is responsible for like the dams cities etc. The natural atmosphere is being polluted due to the unnatural factors. While natural ca physical exercises like volcanos have its own forge in causing contamination it is the man made ones that are more rampant. It is the reckless and the caustic human ature that is primarily responsible for the environmental pollution.It is the self focus on humans that are causing more destruction to the environment. It is natural for every human being to live in the circumstances they are born and some(prenominal) changes to it causes a lot of trouble. Built environment, which lacks natural components, has become quite significant in todays era. There is a lot of environmental peril that has been responsible for the problems associated with fix earth like Global Land degradation and pollution ,water polution,wast of forests,expended desertsveen ouse effect,global warms and polar ice cap melting.Global Warming is defined as the increase in the median(a) temperature of the earth near surface air and ocean since the mid 20th century and its projected continuation. There is a lot of heat caused to the earth due to the green house gases that get rapt in the suns rays thereby causing global warming. The growth in population and also the economic advancement that has added to pollution as well is the causes that affect the environmental corrosion . Every living and non living thing is being affected by this so ne essential understand that biophysical environment is meant for all and understand the importance of ecological balance.I think that everyone can take steps to control all the essential things affecting the pollution. The us ing up of petroleum has to be brought down by one and all. The first step towards reducing our dependence on petroleum is to understand what products are made from petroleum. It is requirement that one takes sufficient measures to reduce the environmental degradation. It is better that we look for natural solutions like shift to a more fuel efficient vehicle grow se of paper bags try to economize by using the car pool or public transport, go by walk or use a bicycle, recycle things etc.It is the responsibility of every person in checking the causes that affect the environmental disaster and play a positive role in meliorate it and these things have also got to be mentioned. One must realize the importance of a healthy environment and that it is for his own benefit to protect it and to take measures to necessitate the world clean and green because as the proverb says We wont have a society if we destroy the environment. Environment is our surrounding By Procop8

My Narrative Report in Pal

Internship or on the job training is one way by which we bookmans are condition an opportunity to apply the theories and computations that we prepare learned from school. It also helps us to obtain applicable knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. Earful tool and possibly counterbalance a source of recommendation when they take that big lift from being students to career professionals. The On-The-Job discipline (OJT) is one of the requirements in order for a student to be able to graduate from college and to become a professional.This training prepares the students to practice their profession. Thus, in adjusting ones self and mingling to others one must screw up with the different standards and attitudes of the people in a particular line of industry. It is also a bridge to enhance the students skills that should be an advantage when they finally overturn a job. Its proven and well tested Experience is definitely the best watcher. There are countless thin gs that Ive learned during my On-the-Job Training at Philippine Airlines. Being in a upstart and never-been-to environment was a big challenge to me.I exerted great effort to jazz up with the means and manner of living of the new environment that Id indulged into. I did my best to blend in and went in with the flow of what the real man build is offering. One of the requirements as graduating students of the College of Arts and Letter is On-the-Job Training. This Training exposes us to the real environment of a certain organization. Thus, adjusting oneself and mingling others is a must to cope up with different standards and attitudes of every individual in a particular field of industry.In furtherance, OJT will be a bridge to enhance our skills in communication and technical activities that makes it a plus point the sooner we landed a job and help ease the culture shock while relations with different specialized people of their expertise. I went to other organizations to have an OJT but sad to say there were already different students from different schools who had come startle to conduct an OJT. I was already desperate, hopeless and were running out of time. I came up with a decision and suddenly an idea flashed in my sound judgement Why not try Philippine Airlines? Due to lack of time, I went directly to the Branch Manager of Philippine Airlines, Legazpi City and submit a earn for approval in conducting an OJT in their organization. Knowing that I already accepted to conduct an OJT, my worries were then blown up by the wind as if my flavor felt empty with thorn and pains of miseries. The manager told us the Donts and Dos in the company like Dos exhausting of Formal Attire Good Grooming Be On Time Donts Do not go out in the Airline field without wearing a vest.Do not wear slippers Do not wear maong pants Dont be shy Then my expedition started in PAL my first week was a disastrous one. Why? Exactly 8am on the very first day of my report in the stake the router was damaged due to faulty electrical wiring of transformer by ALECO. So all the computer transaction were then changed to manual type. The manager let me go forward in his office for an hour or so because of what had happened. In that day I was oriented on what to do and exposes to other employees as well.And hey, before I forgot I have a company from other school, they are from La Consolacion College of Iriga City, a Tourism student. At first I am shy to them, I didnt talk to them I just stayed in the office of the manager, but because of their super-duper nice approach to me and to their super friendly attitude we become friends. They guide and teach me what to do. My co-OJT named Margarette, Angela, Erika and Rhea. I learned more about what OJT means and to be patient is more important when you have a relationship to other people specially when you do not know them well.I had encountered different attitudes between clients and my employer, they have more jokes than us and we have to be sports and control our feelings. I meet new friends inside the company even though they have more guys than girls. I have a new co-OJT trainee after the first batch had been finished their one hundred eighty hours, named Makie, Eunice, Marieson and Shiryne. They are a tourism student from Iriga City also to be exact a classmates of my co-OJT the other month. They are a nice person and kind to me. And because of that I let them fill in to my ever loving slum book.Hehehe Check in Area I was ingenious on what specific things to do in the check in area like weighing the baggages, tagging with an international, local, perishable, push ups and fragile stickers and of the course adding baggage number and how it weighs. I was told also the allowed kg of baggage and allowed kilo of hand carry. I was assigned also to PAL number seats in rows and columns. On the second day I was trained on what to do in the manual system. It was so strenuous even the employees were busy that time.I assist them at the back and I am always alert to avoid destruction. I was oriented also about the mandatory elements and the cleanliness around the check in area. Ticketing Office I was assigned in reply the phone for clients who wants to inquire in a specific date of flight, lucky you are if the customer is in good mood. I also type in the Documental Transmittal or Acknowledgement Receipt, Shipping Order ( I type certain records then pass it to the cargo area) Updated forms (air them back to Manila) I also do an accounting like the domestic sales report.I was also assigned to print the tickets and pass it the cashier. In ticketing area I was then given a short examination by one of the employees on how to use the electronic system of ticketing. Sir Mayor taught me how to do the work. Food Well, as part of my on-the-job training in the Philippine Airlines, I was part to the group to feed the tummy of my sir and maam. My co-trainee said that we need to prepare a food wh en we done our training. So I joined the group. I contributed 200php for the food. Then, there my OJT ends.

Reflective analysis of my leadership approach Essay

..beyond the horizon of time is a changed world, very different from directlys world. Some con get over see beyond that horizon and into the future. They believe that dreams can become reality. They open our eyes and lift our spirits. They build trust and assure our relationships. They stand firm against the wind of resistance and give us the courage to continue the quest we call these people attractions (Kouzes and Posner, 1995). For a number of us loss leadership can be described as quality even though we know it when we see it but it is quiet difficult to define or describe. In this respect, Kouzes and Posner (1995) aptly capture what I think about when I was asked to describe a leader and leadership. In the course of my education and career, I affirm come across some touch points that shaped my opinions and influenced my general perspectives regarding the places of leaders and leadership. Fundamentally, I establish been able to experience my various roles as a leader who articulates and puts into words into action to direct imagery for a future that inspires others to join. It is within this context that my perspectives on leadership give way been developed. My thoughts on images of leadership are an amalgam of what I have was taught in Leadership in Healthcare Module, what I have read, what I have experienced as an individual, and the lessons that I have picked up along the way. Due to complex nature of leadership especially regarding the number of theories that have been suggested by scholars, it is important that non only leaders, but similarly people who aspire be leaders develop their own individual(prenominal) philosophy leadership. This could be achievable by engaging in reflective exercise.I have come to realise that some fundamental principles have sharpened my opinions and also driven my beliefs and perception about leadership as an ongoing process, rather than a destination or an achievement. Frequently, I also know that addition al learning, unlearning and relearning (through books read on the subject of inquiry, or book read out of mere curiosity) have supplemented the theorizing process of leadership, and fall short of being consistent with grounded theory methodology in which a review of academic literature often occurs following initial data and prior to formation of theory (McGhee et al., 2007). Therefore, this essay will adopt the model of ground theory, starting from the scratch, a collection of my personalobservations, beliefs and experience regarding the concept of leadership approach. Reflective analysis of my leadership approach is based on three principles (1) Maintaining a steady focus on explosive charge and wad (2) attempt taking and (3) empowering people. Starting with maintaining a steady focus on bursting charge and imagery, I have been able to learn that one of the greatest challenges that a leader can face is staying on mission of the organization. People, the led, need to know the direction they are heading to, and to know the expectation of the leader regarding the organizational vision and mission. Maintaining a consistent focus on the organizations vision and mission is a blusher attribute required for leadership and it is a critical depute for a leader. The leader starts its task by clearly defining the vision of the organization then keeping it alive.The leader is also responsible for achieving such vision the buck stops at his table and must therefore communicate such both within and outside of the organization. In this regard, the leader serves as a bridge between the organization and its environment. Beyond just communicating the organizations vision, the leader must be a source of inspiration in order to the vision and to develop a positive mental attitude and belief that it can be achieved. Covey (2012) refers to this attitude as principle-centred leadership. This is a key attribute, especially, in light of the dynamic environment in operation tod ay. This is an attitude I have adopted over and over again in the course of my leadership role. Risk taking this is an embodiment of 2nd principle of my personal philosophy of leadership. Like my first principle of maintenance focus on vision and mission of the organization, I consider this as another critical factor that distinguishes leaders from their followers. The rare courage of risk-taking, to step out in front, to test water, to be a pathfinder has been long considered as an attribute that sets the leader apart from the followers and rest of the organization. According to Kouzes and Posner (1995), leaders must take a role of pioneers. They should develop courage to venture the horizons edge and report back about what is seen. Leaders take calculated risks for the sake of the vision and mission of the organization. I have done this in a couple of times and I have succeeded. I agree that some leaders are to a greater extent comfortable in taking risk than others and it is note worthy to realise that there are different degrees of risk associated with the decisions to be taken by leaders.Overthe years, I have learnt that it is better to take a calculated risk. And I agree with school of thoughts that believe that people who are risk averse are not fit to be leaders. Empowerment of others The third principle of my leadership philosophy, the final portion of my analysis, relates to the role of leaders in empowering others. Empowerment entails conveying the mission and vision in such a way that other people in the organization can make use of their initiative to make decisions on their own. This also involves some amount of boldness, confidence and risk-taking. While I was Senior Carer in a Care Home, I always encourage my colleagues to come up with, at least, two initiatives to move the association forward at each meeting day. According to Senge (2012), a certain limit of error in an organization is bankable as long as such error provides an opportunity for people to learn and also lends credence to empowering others while carrying out the organizations mission and goals. I agree with Senge, 110%. In conclusion, I have been able to present reflective analysis of my role as a leader in various capacities I have served before. I draw my experience from past and ongoing learning processes and experience, and I have developed a set of personal leadership philosophy which are maintaining a steady focus on mission and vision, risk-taking and empowering people. I hope I will be able to develop myself further in preparation of leadership role I will engage in the future.ReferencesCovey, S. (2012). Principle-centered leadership. New York, NY Simon and Schuster Kouzes, J. M. and Posner, B. Z. (1995). The Leadership Challenge How to Keep Getting grand Things Done in Organizations. San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass Publishers. Senge, P. M. (2012). The Fifth Discipline The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York, NY Doubleday/Currency

Botulism & hospitalization

Microbial intoxication refers to the diseases followed by ingestion of toxins produced by pathogens outback(a) the body. Botulism is a water-borne and food-borne disease transmitted in foods (Englelkirk & Duebn-Engelkirk, 2007). Patients with botulism are required to prolonged hospitalization and intensive care (Evans & Brachman, 1998). Although this disease is rare, both animals and humans keep be affected which can cause flaccid muscle weakness o even death (Lewis, Knight, Lewis, & Lewis, 1995). In the early human history, it was speculated that our prehistoric ancestors suffered also from botulism.They usually preserved extra meat by wrapping it animal skins and animal organs then smoked it and buried underneath the ground which served as a basic refrigerator, allowing the meat to freeze (Rosaler, 2003). The history if first botulism outbreak happened on 1793 in Wildbad, Germany from consumption of a favorite local dish logical argument sausages (Fig. 1). The blood sausages wer e prepared from washing out the pig intestines, then blood and various spices are stuffed in. Both ends are tied, boiled in water, smoked, and stored for weeks at room temperature.Usually, the populate who ate it did not have effect but after heap share it they became sick. Most of them vomited, some partially paralyzed, and speech thickened. Later, in that respect were six people dead. Justinus Kerner, the local medical officer and physician, was sent to find out the cause of the incident. However, Kerner was not sufficient to identify the cause of deaths from eating blood sausages. Nevertheless, he was able to note significant observations such as blood sausages with air pockets did not become poisonous and the sausages in large casings are likely to be poisonous.He conducted a dangerous experiment by injecting the sausage fluid, wurstgift, into his own body (Rosaler, 2003). Until then, he was able to observe the symptoms similar to the patients. The disease was named Kerners disease for many days. He conducted follow up experiments on various cases food poisoning and published his findings. Aside from food-borne and water-borne, botulism can also be wound botulism when toxins are produced from the wound that is infect with the bacteria Clostridium botulinus (Fig. 2).The bacteria is a gram positive spore-forming bacilli that is invasive and toxin mediated (Shimeld, 1999). This rod-shaped bacteria is often found in crack where there is low-oxygen forming spores that allow it to survive in dormant arouse. People infected with botulism usually have the symptoms of blurred vision, difficulty in swallowing, and muscle weakness part infants with botulism appear lethargic, constipated, weak cry and muscle tone which are all signs of muscle paralysis that is caused by the bacterial toxin. The paralysis can progress in the arms, legs, and respiratory muscles if untreated.On the other hand, in food botulism, symptoms appear as early after six hours to thirty- six hours and the latest is ten hours (Bullock, Haddow, & Coppola, 2006). In general there are seven forms of botulism coded as types A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. These forms are grouped if they are proteoluytic. In Group I is proteolytic which includes types A, B, or F toxins. Group II is non-proteolytic which includes types B, E, or F toxins. Group III is also non-proteolytic which includes types C or D toxins. Lastly, the Groupd IV is also non-proteolytic and non-saccharolytic including G toxin.Among the four groups, Groups I and II cause botulism in humans while Group III causes botulism in birds and animals. Group IV, on the other hand, are very rare and does not affect humans. Proteolytic strains normally live in minima temperatures of growth which is 12C or above, while the non-proteolytic can live to a temperature as low as 3. 3C (Wilkinson & Gould, 1996). Figure 2 Clostridium botulinum. The pale bodies are the spores (Sebaiha et al. 2007) C. botulinum lives as dormant spore or a scavenger in decaying animal materials in disgrace but it has no specific mechanism to evade human defenses.The variants of each single species are connected because of the deadly toxin. For example, some of the genes found in C. botulinum are not found in other place. It can be easily destroyed by a toxin in some cases. However, the toxins never check poisoning killing its preys. It has the ability to hide and hibernate through dormant spores when environment is harsh. This bacteria uses many strategies to increase its probability of survival (Sebaiha, Peck, Minton, & Thomson, 2007). In examine botulism, patients history and physical examination is taken into consideration but these are not enough to identify botulism.Diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, stroke, and myasthenia gravis appear to be similar with botulism. Tests such as brain scan, spinal fluid examination, electromyography, or Tensilon test for myasthenia gravis are conducted in order to list which disea se. Another way of diagnosis is by injecting placing botulinum toxin to the patient serum or stool, then injecting it to a mice and observe for relevant symptoms while other test of stool can be conducted by some state health department laboratories and at CDC (Bullock et al. , 2006).Otherwise, the patients should undergo passive immunization which has horse serum with anti-A, B, and E toxins. There is also trivalent antitoxin available in CDC, Atlanta and botulism toxoid (Evans & Brachman, 1998). Cases of botulism vary depending on the types of botulism toxin. If there is respiratory failure and paralysis, the patient needs to be in ventilator for weeks and intensive medical care and the paralysis forget improve. Respiratory failure can cause death but there is an antitoxin which can block the reaction of toxins on food-borne and wound botulism.The source on the wound, however, should be removed surgically. The recovery can take weeks nevertheless the progress of the disease will be prevented. Moreover, the death cases of botulism from the past fifty years decreased from 50% to 8%. Among those who survived poisoning, patients may experience fatigue and shortness of breathe that could last for years thus therapy is required (Bullock et al. , 2006). There are ways to prevent botulism. The source of most food-borne botulism is home-canned goods.Other sources can be from chopped garlic in oil, chili peppers, tomatoes, aluminium foil-wrapped potatoes (improperly cooked), and home canned/fermented fish. Hygienic procedures are necessary in order to prevent contamination especially in home canning and that oils with herbs and garlic should be keep baked potatoes wrapped in aluminum foil should be kept hot to begin with serving or refrigerated home-canned goods should be boiled before eating sine the botulism toxin will destroyed in high temperatures, and children below one year should not be fed with honey since Clostridium botulinum spores are present in honey. There are public education about botulism prevention and there are also experts on botulism available for consultancy in state health departments and CD (Bullock et al. , 2006). In the United States, the average botulism case is 110 every year were majority of these cases are infant botulism (72%). It is followed by followed by food-borne which is 25% and the rest are wound botulism. Outbreaks are usually caused by eating contaminated home-canned goods (Bullock et al. , 2006). Botulism outbreaks, on the other hand, are rare in tropical regions.Most occurred in temperate and colder regions during spring and winter seasons in the northern hemisphere such as Alaska, Canada, United States, Poland, United kingdom, Russia, Iran, and China (Doyle, Steinhart, & Cochrane, 1994). The largest botulism outbreak in the United States in the last 25 years caused 30 cases where four were in severe conditions. The cause was from a potato-based dip that were wrapped in aluminum foil and stored in amb ient temperature (Fratarnico, Bhunia, & Smith, 2005). References Bullock, J. A. , Haddow, G. D. , & Coppola, D.P. (2006). Introduction to Homeland Security. Retrieved 31 May 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=yHpkkc3ZqlMC Doyle, M. e. , Steinhart, C. E. , & Cochrane, B. A. (1994). Food Safety 1994. Retrieved 31 May 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=S28jeel2VfUC Englelkirk, P. G. , & Duebn-Engelkirk, J. (2007). Laboratory Analysis of Infectious Diseases. Retrieved 31 May 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=RfjRLEVax1QC Evans, A. S. , & Brachman, P. S. (1998). bacterial Infections of Human Epidemiology and Control.Retrieved 31 may 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=xADJBP7iqRwC Fratarnico, P. M. , Bhunia, A. K. , & Smith, J. L. (2005). Foodborne Pathogens Microbiology and Molecular Biology. Retrieved 31 May 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=-HNavPPs-JoC Lewis, L. D. , Knight, A. , Lewis, B. , & Lewis, C. (1995). Equine Clinical N utrition Feeding and Care. Retrieved 31 May 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=vpuTp_vwsegC Rosaler, M. (2003). Botulism. Retrieved 31 may 2008, from http//books. google.com/books? id=7srrKGDkswkC Sebaiha, M. , Peck, M. W. , Minton, N. P. , & Thomson, N. R. (2007). Genome sequence of a proteolytic (Group I) Clostridium botulinum strain Hall A and comparative analysis of the clostridial genomes. Genome Research. Shimeld, L. A. (1999). Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology. Retrieved 31 May 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=8Rn47SNdbYAC Wilkinson, V. M. , & Gould, G. W. (1996). Food Irradiation A Reference Guide. Retrieved 31 May 2008, from http//books. google. com/books? id=FpIpsqs7CRUC

Prison Crowding Essay

Prison overcrowding is referred to as one of the major brotherly problems in the United States. The problem of prison crowding has also touched salient Britain, some European countries, and finally, the developing world. During the 14 years among 1980 and 1994, the U. S. prison population has grown 172 percent (Bleich, 1999) more than 30,000 state prisoners spend their days and nights in country jails, waiting for new cells. The consequences of prison overcrowding argon reflected in the whole set of broad social phenomena, from prison violence to higher rates of recidivism.The upstart 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s have been characterized by the growing number of prisoners in the U. S. The United States produced a rate of growth in the nations prison population that scholars and legal commentators have repeatedly characterized as unprecedented (Gaes & McGuire, 1995). The number of prisoners was growing so fast that prison officials failed to develop effective systems and supervision networks that would maintain social and criminal stability across all punitory facilities at the federal official level.The reasons and causes of prison overcrowding are numerous and require different approaches further with financial and social resources being limited, federal authorities are unprepared to meeting the social challenges of prison overcrowding in the U. S. Organizational instability in prison system produces numerous adverse effects, including the development of dysfunctional psychological responses among new-fangleder prisoners and the systems inability to satisfy the basic needs of prisoners.The causes of prison overcrowding are different and numerous mandatory minimum sentencing, denial of parole, a variety of zero point tolerance criminal policies, drug wars, and even trivial acts criminalization run away to the prisoners population increase (Bleich, 1999). Poverty and homelessness are the two indirect causes of prison overcrowding. The absence of effective anti-recidivism programs results in the growing number of prisoners in all types of correctional facilities.However, the discussion of prison overcrowding issues should start with the evaluation of psychological problems inmates face in herd cells there is growing evidence that the Post Incarceration Syndrome is a bestow factor to high rates of recidivism. The cruelty of guards and staff remains a primary problem those in prison are subjected to verbal violence and bemock for anything from sexual preference to gender identity (Gaes & McGuire, 1995).These violent attitudes significantly contribute into the growing levels of recidivism many of those who have been engrossed for the first time are sentenced for the indorsement and the third time before their first imprisonment term comes to an end. Objectively, prison overcrowding forms a kind of a vicious circle, with violence, assaults, disciplinary penalties and recidivism in its center. The problem would not be so c omplex, if not for the growing social tensions between the inmates, the prison staff, and the rest of the American citizens.Prison overcrowding leads to the development of dysfunctional behaviors among prisoners, to the growing amount of unsatiated needs, and to excessive application of force and violence needed to maintain social order in prisons. These threatening tendencies lead to the disruption of the traditional social structures, where the imprisoned gradually replace socially free population, further increasing the level of societys criminalization in the country.Dysfunctional behaviors are particularly snarly among younger prison population young prisoners are more susceptible and vulnerable to the changes which occur in prison recent researches have proved young prisoners vulnerability to restricted conditions, since there is neither the space, the facilities, nor the resources to provide inmates with a full range of training, work, and educational opportunities, when th ere are too many prisoners to cope with (Ekland-Olson & Barrick, 1983). boyish prisoners are more sensitive and volatile in their aggressive reactions to the new type of prison environment as a result, they are more possible to be punished by prison officials through segregation units, isolated housing unites, or similar administrative measures. In these violent contexts, young prisoners risk committing an other(a) crime, thus contributing into the growth of recidivism in the American prisons.Dysfunctional psychological responses and the growth of young recidivism are not the only consequences of prison overcrowding by filling prisons and jails above their capacity, prison officials fail to satisfy even the basic needs of prisoners. Health, nutrition, and social needs of prisoners are simply neglected, raising their sensitivity to respective(a) types of social threats, including health epidemics, belligerence, and violence. Beyond normal sleeping and eating conditions, prisoners need vocational training, education, and meaningful jobs.Prisoners require extensive work experiences that will further armed service them conciliate to real-life conditions beyond the prison walls. Prison overcrowding deprives prison officials of effective and reliable needs assessment and screening instruments and strategies, which could be universally applied to improve the prisoners well-being. The contemporary prison system in the U. S. does not guarantee that prisoners basic civil rights will be followed while they are being imprisoned.Unfortunately, thousands and thousands of prisoners are still in need of treatment and counseling for different types of mental and physical health disorders (Bleich, 1999). As a result, by the time these prisoners are released on probation they are in all probability to face social rejection and negligence, leading recidivism and violence. Intimidation and force remain the two most effective instruments used to maintain order in prisons. A crowded prison can be compared to a boiling cauldron of inmate hostility, ready to erupt instantaneously into a riot (Cavadino & Dignan, 2002).In the absence of other relevant governing mechanisms, violence seems the easiest universal method of keeping prisoners behaviors under control. For example, in maximum security prisons in California, guards armed with rifles are strategically positioned intimate mainline housing units and authorized to respond to inmate disturbances with lethal force (Gaes & McGuire, 1995). Violence and intimidation are further aggravated by the lack of capture staff resources that could potentially maintain stability and organizational order in prisons and jails.Violence and the lack of professional staff negatively impact the quality of relationships between prison officials and inmates, making the crisis of control and legitimacy the central social element of prison overcrowding in the U. S. (Cavadino & Dignan, 2002). In the light of the abovementioned issues, the natural question is whether overcrowding can be minimized and avoided, and what should be done to improve the quality of life in prisons.Researchers and professionals suggest that probation reform may change the situation in the American prison system. Forty percent of prison intakes are from probation violations, and half of those violators are put into the prison system because of technical violations (Hicks, 2006). By reducing probation sentencing terms and simplifying supervision rules, prison officials are likely to resolve the majority of issues related to prison overcrowding and its social consequences.Federal authorities and criminal justice professionals are to reconsider the criteria applied to zero tolerance policies and juvenile delinquency, to minimize the portion of young population in prisons. Ultimately, the basic needs of current prisoners should be assessed and addressed, to ensure that ex-prisoners are able to adapt to the changing real-life condition s and to return to regular work and life performance after being released from prison (jail). Conclusion Prison overcrowding leads to the development of distorted and dysfunctional social visions in the American society.Violence and intimidation remain the two widely accepted instruments of maintaining order in prisons. Young prisoners are particularly vulnerable to aggression and violence in jails. The reduction of probation sentencing terms and supervision rules simplification may resolve the majority of social issues related to prison overcrowding in the U. S. , but federal authorities still lack appropriate resources that could be used to simplify the organizational structure of prison system in the country.

Teachers Point of View

As a high trail t distri scarcelyivelyer I have to be a facilitator-guide and a sage who imparts knowledge. I believe that command and learning are creative and very social. Based on my understanding, in order for some(prenominal) scholars to frame productive learners teachers should understand what is occurring inside students minds. As well, as what methods provide help fulfil and retrieved that knowledge. Cognitive principles relates to how data is process in the mind (referred to Atkinson-Shiffrin model pg. 159). In addition, cognitive also deals with how the mind stores, organizes, retrieves and incorporates new information.The pursuance are some of the ways I compound cognitive principles to my secernateroom, by means of metacognition ( schema) , rehearsal , elaboration ( actuate prior knowledge) , note taking , verbal learning ( Paired- associate , serial , free-recall) , and analogies. Students now a twenty-four hour period has a very short attention span, as a teacher I have to commence eclectic. In the constructivist classroom the teacher becomes a guide for the learner, providing bridging or scaffolding (mediated learning), helping to extend the learners order of proximal development.Constructivist theory relates to Vygotskys theory of cognitive development, social interaction helps the student learn. The student is encourage to develop metacognitive skills such as problem solving skills and reflective thinking. The self-sufficient learner is essentially propel to generate, discover, build and enlarge their proclaim framework of knowledge. In my classroom I observed and applied constructivist through cooperative learning, discovery learning, self- regulated learning and mediated learning. I depart start my class by pre-assessing my students, to check their prior knowledge (cognitive theory of elaboration).If my students are having difficulty meaning what they learn from previous classes, than I allow for start scaffolding. I wil l give the students prompts, so that the prompts will trigger their short reference warehousing (working memory). The prompts will give them a foundations and than they built on it and hopefully becoming independent learner. talk terms learning is applied in my class, I will show them how to perform a lab and than they will mix chemicals on their own. Their product or conclusion should be similar to my expectations. Another method that I applied in my classroom is cooperative learning.According to Vygotskys, students working with their peers will allow them to think out flashy (private speech) and work in a thinking zone where they are comfortable at. If some of my students understand a concept that I am teaching I will break my class in groups. In each group, each member is at divers(prenominal) cognitive level and they will assist each other. They will discuss, check each other understanding and see the concept from a different exhibit of view. Another method that I utilized is Group Investigation. Each group will fragmentize a topic and they will discuss, learn about that topic and than present on that topic.One of the methods that I incorporated cognitive theories is through verbal learning. In my class, if we encounter a lesson or word that is hard to remember we will associate it to another word. For instance, when we covered the Periodic Table students will associate the elements symbol to its divulge by using an image (Paired associate learning through imagery). Another verbal learning is memorizing the elements name in alphabetically order or based on their weights, if in alphabetically order they will create a name or sentences based on the first initials of the elements (serial learning through initial-letter strategies).But the to the highest degree effective way that I noticed in my class is free- recall. They will memorize the elements or embody system in no particular order. Another example how cognitive is incorporated in my class is repetition, practice and elaboration. My students will practice a week before exam while other will practice a day before the exam. If my students want to benefit from what the practice they have to practice (study) insouciant (distributed practice) rather than cram study. Elaboration is when they have to paraphrase. They will take a concept and than translate it to their own words, to check their understanding.When they are paraphrasing they also visualize what they are paraphrasing, because Paivios theory of memory stated that to retain something it has to be verbal and visual (dual- code). Graphic organizer is another technique that I applied in class this allows the students to retrieve prior knowledge and applied it to their current classwork. There are a bent of techniques, for examples note taking, underlining, analogies, summarizing etc. But if the students are not using this techniques and the teacher is not incorporating different techniques the student will be limited.I n conclusion, both constructivist and cognitive theories go hand in hand. There are different types of memories short term and long term (flashbulb, semantic, episodic memory) but for these memories to be activated there moldiness be some stimuli that will trigger the activation. To retain the information the student has to use mnemonics (different memory strategies) but if information is meaningful it will be a schema in the brain. To trigger the working memory teachers should scaffold or student becomes self-regulators. But not all memories will be retain some are forgotten based on Atkinson-Shiffrin model

Francisco De Zubar N And His Work English Literature Essay

Francisco de Zurbaran, a Spanish painter was innate(p) in Fuentes de Cantos, Badajoz Province in Estremadura and baptized on Nov. 7, 1598. His manful evoke was a comfortable tradesman of Basque descent. In 1614, Zurbaran s male p arent sent him to Seville to apprentice for troika old ages to a second-rate painter of images, Pedro Diaz de Villanueva. Zurbaran opened a controlshop in Llerena in 1617 and espouse a adult female older than himself. She died after holding three kids. He was married formerly more to a widow in 1623. During his 11 old ages in Llerena, Zurbaran s piousness was influenced by Spanish Quietism, which was a spiritual motion that taught inner backdown, the find of God in meekly wormlike silence, and the usage of penitentiary exercisings to repress the senses and quiet the mind. Although this influence had a deep consequence on his ar iirk, it in no manner limited his artistic creative activities. The contracts for this period are so legion that he would ho ld been obliged to delegate many of them to helpers. In add-on, he was transposing to Seville to ordinate to death plants for the Domini burn down, Trinitarian, Mercedarian, and Franciscan monasteries. In 1629, the Seville Town Council persuaded Zurbaran to travel his workshop to their metropolis. He arrived with his married woman, kids, and eight retainers. The undermentioned twelvemonth the painters Guild of St. Luke ordered him to subject to an scrutiny and he ref employ. The town council ended up back uping him. His frequenters continued to be for the most part monasteries including the Capuchins, Carthusians, and Jeronymites were added to the list. In April 1634, the painter Diego Velazquez, who was in charge of the ornaments for the new Royal Palace in Madrid, commissioned Zurbaran to put to death for the Hall of Realms two conflict scenes, which were to belong to a series that included Velazquez s drop by the wayside of Breda, and 10 Labors of Hercules. Zurbaran returned to Seville in November with the honorary rubric of Painter to the King and the happy memory that Philip IV had called him the male monarch of painters. Zurbaran was at a extremum of creativeness and felicitousness in 1639, when his married woman died. His art production declined markedly and his manner became graver. He married for the 3rd clip, in 1644, but his artistic headliner was falling. Missing sufficient committees at place, Zurbaran was obliged to make the bulk of his plants for South America. With four more kids born of his new matrimony, he sold Flemish landscapes and pigments and coppices to the South American market. He continued to bring ahead largely for South America until 1658, when he decided to seek to alter his fortune in Madrid. His art, n of all timetheless, was picayune apprehended at that place. Zurbaran died destitute in Madrid on August 27, 1664.Zurbaran s work was really sophisticated with accurate pragmatism and indefinable mysticism. Zurbaran chose t o be a painter of spiritual topics. His work was ever created big. Other effects are attained by the elaborate finished foregrounds which mass out generally in visible ray and shadiness. He was really adept in impression figures with curtain as shown in one of his works The Annunciation. He worked with oil pigments and most of his plants were spiritual scenes and portrayals. Two-thirdss of his plants were multicolored in the 1630 s and the other 3rd is about every bit divided before and after that decennary.The Annunciation was painted in 1650 with oil on canvas. It measures about 85 inches tall and about one-hundred and 24 inches broad. This Annunciation go rather late in Zurbaran s calling, when his simple and disconnected mold, dark to visible radiation, begins to soften and pictorial matter over. His pallet becomes less blatant and more blended, while the about militaristic urgency of his primarily work is replaced by an familiarity and tenderness. The walls of the Virgi n bloody shame s room literally dissolve in a soaker of cherubs bathed in visible radiation, as the angel Gabriel with great heroism and discretion announces that she is with kid says Joseph J. Rishel. Francisco de Zurbaran has a real manner shown in the picture. It features a room in which an angel is seen at the left kneeling on the land before the Virgin Mary. The figure of Mary is placed between a chair and a little wooden tabular array draped with a green fabric. Mary looks as though she is surprised to be greeted by the angel although glancing at the floor. She disregards the unfastened Bible since she has been distracted. Behind and above the two figures are cherubs resting on beds of clouds merrily staring down at Mary with eyes from Heaven. Elementss such as visible radiation, colour, and texture are used in The Annunciation. Francisco de Zubaran does non demo a beginning of visible radiation in the picture, but we can see the light get downing from heaven with the cheru bs and bit by bit gets darker to where the image about looks blurry on the lower left following to the angel. Light in any event emphasizes the just tegument of the Angel and Mary as they both look down towards a vague floor. It reflects the unfastened Bible hinting on the sanctity and importance of Mary. Color draws attending to of import characters and objects in the picture. The blood-red and bluish Mary wears gives us a sense she is the chief focal point of the image since they are two different colourss in temperature and really concentrated. The b in effect(p) yellow used indicates a celestial happiness or spirit such as how the dove is painted. The little soft silky texture used in this picture shows Zurbaran s usage of pragmatism. The curtain looks about perfect compared to the remainder of the room. If the picture is looked at closely, you can see more symbolism such as a really weak lily-livered visible radiation around Mary s caput about like a breeze which signifies her sanctity. The little xanthous dove at the top of the picture besides looks down at Mary and even gives a visible radiation pointed down at her caput. The cherubs and the angel are all cheering giving the image a joyful significance. You can besides see the flowers at the bottom right giving the painting an even more sense of softness, raising, and peace.The iconography of The Annunciation is shown how Zurbaran portrays the narrative of the Angel Gabriel looking earlier Mary to denote that God has chosen her to bare a boy, Jesus, who will salvage God s people from their wickednesss. An anon. individual explains Zurbaran besides idealizes Mary to stress her sanctity. Mary maintains a graceful affectation even when she is frightened by the Angel s intelligence. The room is besides au naturel and suggests Mary s modestness. The Angel appears soft and the white colour of the angel shows the pureness of God s courier. Today, The Annunciation corsets at the Philadelphia Museum of Ar t as Francisco de Zurbaran continues to delight many with his endowments with the elements used in such an of import spiritual event. You can state he take to paint spiritual bible narratives with his really precise manner of painting the significance, symbolism, and great item.

Compare/Contrast Essay

melted Indoors vs. Swimming at the Beach Swimming is a fun and leisurely activity that rout out be enjoyed deep down or outdoors. Swimming pools argon generally located indoor(prenominal)s inside of homes, hotels, recreation centers or dresss where batch would normally go to take a load off and relax. Beaches are strewn about outdoors on m whatever another(prenominal) coast lines throughout the world providing a haltn for swimmers and other bound goers. To enjoy a swim indoors at the pool, or outdoors at the margin, can be a sticker choice since both can provide a variety of experiences.This quiz aims to contrast those experiences by lecture about some of the temperatures in the environment at the smooth pool and at the beach the activities that can be d mavin there, the cleanliness that can generally be found in the areas and some of the safety measures that are typically in place at both locations. Ill first discuss indoor travel pools. Normally, indoor pools clear a temperature gauge that can be send so that the temperature of the pools water will unendingly stay the same. While the temperature of the water in the pool can remain constant, so can the temperature of the room that the limpid pool is located in.This direction that swimmers can have their grand temperatures set for when they walk into the swimming area and their ideal temperatures set for when they step foot into the swimming pool. Its hard to mystify better swimming conditions than that. Activities like water polo, water volleyball and water aerobics can be enjoyed in indoor swimming pools because the water temperatures there are usually set to a state of warfaremer temperature that can be enjoyed year round. With indoor pools there are usually centiliter tablets floating somewhere out of muckle to help with the cleanliness of the water.There is a modicum of relief knowing that or so indoor pools have a chlorine and septic system to help maintain the cleanliness of the water. Cleanliness is next to the safeness of indoor swimming pools. Indoor pools are safe from the weather which leaves the pool water free from leaves, dirt and other debris. This pass waters swimming indoors ideal compared to what may be experienced outdoors at the beach. While outdoors at the beach, temperatures can range from a sweltering heat, to a blustering cold, depending on the type of day it is outside. This means that temperatures in the waters will roughly match the temperatures of the weather outside.This is not always ideal for swimming. The beach is enjoyed mostly on hot summer days where the most outdoor activities can be done. whatever of those activities can be surfing, jet skiing, body boarding, fishing, jogging, tanning, windsurfing and a bevy of other activities not just act to being inside of the water. However, with a lot of activity comes a lot of waste. Beaches will commonly have trash and debris littered about since they are more frequented by bea ch goers and the waters at the beach can wash up waste along the shorelines where beachgoers spend their time at.Most beaches have quid of trash depositories and staff in place to help maintain the cleanliness of the beach, just it can become more difficult to control compared to an indoor swimming pool because its size. Swimmers may be reluctant to venture into beach waters since the safety of the waters can put swimmers at risk. Sharks, jellyfish and other dangerous sea life are always a threat when swimming at the beach. While it isnt always effective, beaches do try to contain this threat with various nets to prevent them from wading into the swimming areas.This can make swimming at the beach a bit unsafe, but most people still find plenty of pleasure in the waters regardless of the threat since there are so many activities that can be done while there. Whether its to enjoy the consistent temperatures of the indoor pools, or the face pack of activities that can be done while at the beach, there is certainly a degree of entertainment, residue and, at times risk, that can be found while swimming at either location. I prefer the sanctuary of an indoor, heated and clean swimming pool over the outdoor, sometimes shark infested, volatilisable waters of the beach.Compare/Contrast EssayThe Battle of Somme Abstract From 1914 through 1918 the world was at war. describe as The Great One, World War 1 affected everyone man, and woman, combatant and non-combatant. This was a war defined by the advent of new technology. World War 1 saw the implementation of the Machine-gun in 1914, the armored tank in 1916, and, with the advent of the plane in 1903, the first fixed wing airplane modified for combat occurred in 1911. The perspective of combat had also changed. What had once been a stand in rank and fire at the enemy across vast fields had become a war fought in the oceanic abysses.The lone presence of an isolated field doctor had become that of an entire medical army corps stationed behind the lines in vast field hospitals hold to tend to the wounded. The very nature and scale of war had changed drastically. As a result, where you were, whose side you were on, and the role you fulfilled, the same scrap had very different ramifications and opposing perspectives. This essay will discuss the contrasting views between occult Ernst Junger, a German shock troop in ramp of Steel to that of Vera Brittain, a British nurse in Testament of Youth, through one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of World War 1. World War I, The Great War, as suggested by these references, was a con frontation on a global scale unlike any other war in history. For the first time technology had changed the face of armed conflict, the primerscape of battle had transformed its accusation from two forces firing upon each other across broad fields with muskets and cannons to a vast subterranean trench system that traversed hundreds of miles. Between the opposing forces lay barren waste lands covered by apparatus gun fire and directional prickly wire.These fields were aptly known as no-mans land. The trench systems and adjacent wastelands covered the distance of what had once been empty fields between opposing forces to spanning the borders between multiple countries forcing unimaginable gridlock, standoffs lasting not days, but months, as in the Battle of Somme, and even historic period in rare occasions. It was not only the landscape of battle that had changed but also the personnel.In 1901 the Army Nurses army corps was established and in 1908 the Navy Nurses Corps was created. Women were an official part of the war reason and by the end of World War 1 their numbers had grown from an initial 8,000 members to an astounding 70,000, a sight and valuable perspective unseen in any previous war. After reading the books Storm of Steel by Ernst Junger and Testament of Youth by Vera Brittain, I contemplated on how best to highlight the disc riminating comparisons and stark contrasts that appear in both texts.I originally thought that nothing jumped off these pages that there was no clear delineation after all, he was a trained soldier, and she was nurse where he was on the front lines unleashing chaos, she was in the hospital caring for wounded while he was an aggressor she was on the defensive and as he chased glory, she chased love. Then it occurred to me that as I read, one word had been featured prominently in both texts Somme. Somme, a battle in which both participants had a role a battle that, no matter the outcome, both authors had a perspective and both perspectives were clearly different.This would be my focus. First and first of all for the unaware, a little background about Somme, also known as the Somme Offensive the battle took place between July 1, and November 18, 1916 at the river Somme in France. During the battle the British Expeditionary Force and the French Army attach a joint offensive against t he German Army that had occupied most of northern France since 1914. The Battle of the Somme was one of the largest battles of the war. By the time fighting paused in the fall of 1916, the forces involved had suffered more than 1 million casualties, devising it the bloodiest military operation ever recorded.With those numbers it should come as no surprise that both authors would have a unique and pointed perspective on that front. From the German shock troops vantage point, although the British were aggressing, the attempt would be in vain. . . . while the British made various, fortunately unsuccessful, attempts on our lives, either by means of high angled machine-gun fire or sweeping the road with shrapnel. We were especially irritated by one machine-gunner who sprayed his bullets at such an angle that they came down vertically, with acceleration produced by gravity.There was no point assay to duck behind walls. (Junger, 2004) In this passage the author practically mocks the Bri tish effort of a mount attack on the clearly superior German forces finding a single machine-gunner merely irritating. meanwhile beyond the wire, past the vast no-mans land, and safely behind the friendly lines of the British army, the account of British Nurse Vera Brittain is starkly different. In contrast as she tends to those being brought to the nearest hospital, her vivid account of waiting for the inbound shipment of wounded paints a graphic picture of how grim the situation appeared. Throughout those grouchy and strenuous days the wards sweltered beneath their roofs of corrugated iron the prevailing odour of wounds and stinking streets lingered perpetually in our nostrils, . . . Day after day I had to fight the queer, frightening sensation-to which, throughout my years of nursing, I never became accustomed-of seeing the covered stretchers come in, one after another, without knowing, until I ran with pounding heart to look, what fearful sight or sound or stench, what problem of agony or imminent death, each brown screening concealed. (Brittain, 1933) Although Nurse Vera Brittain was safe and nowhere near the front line her account of the Somme offensive is drawn from a direct line of sight of the carnage that was being produced on the field of battle is in gossamer contrast to that of the German shock troop located directly on the frontline.While Brittain was well away from the firing, Private Junger was in the line of fire, yet he was tucked safely away in his protected trench line unable to physically see the battle, she was witness to the horror of bodies produced by the battle. She was a non-combatant in confirm of the war effort duty bound to care for the wounded, he was a trained soldier on the front line trained to administer death. Their accounts of the very same battle differ greatly in perspective.History would later show that both perspectives although correct are not an indication of inevitability. Both perspectives were correct in that on the first day of the offensive July 1, 1916 the Germans advantageously handled the British attack. Their newly implemented machine-guns and directional barbed wire amassed a record setting 58,000 casualties on the first day, this is why private Junger was so easily tucked away in his protected entrenchment while nurse Brittain saw nothing but death.The British would ultimately prove victorious at the battle of Somme, on November 18, 1916 when the offensive was called off the British had pushed roughly six miles past the German lines winning the battle of Somme, however the war would continue for almost two more years. Finally on November 11, 1918 the Armistice of Compiegne was signed marking a victory for the assort and complete defeat for Germany, yet The war to end all wars as it was called by H.G Wells in August of 1914 in total would cost more money and damage more property than any previous war and would amass 27 million casualties before it was over. References Brittain, V. (1933). Testament of Youth. (pp. 279-280). New York Penguin Classics. Duffy, M. (2009). Battles- the Battle of Somme. Battles- The horse opera Front, Retrieved from http//www. firstworldwar. com/battles/somme. htm Junger, E. (2004). Storm of Steel. (p. 78). Strand, London Penguin Books.

Life of George Bush

Who k sore a son could follow so many footsteps of a aim. George W. crotch hair, son of former president George scrubbing, has done exactly that which has led him too many great successes throughout his smell history in the political arena of politics. George W. render a strong businessman, a leader in politics, and a running fellow member of one of the most(prenominal) famous Presidential bowel movements ever. George W. Bush, known as W to most multitude, was born in New Haven, Connecticut on July 6, 1946 to the parents of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush. Most of his adolescence was washed-out in Midland and Houston, Texas.He is the eldest son of five siblings, which include, Jeb, governor of Florida, Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy. Like his father, Bush attend the kindred college, Philips Andover Academy in Massachusetts before he went and graduated from Yale University with a bachelors degree in 1968 (A&E 1). While attending school, he joined the Delta K appa Epsilon fraternity and became a member of Skull and Bones at Yale. Unlike his father, George Bush did non receive any kind of scholarships for baseb alone preferably he was president of his fraternity as his extracurricular activity (Newsmakers 1).W then returned to Texas in May, let off following the footsteps of his father, he enlisted with the Texas Air National Guard where he became a F-102 pilot. He was trained in a fi fty-three-week program to fly fighter jets. He completed in 1973 and eventually became a surrogate besides never had to go to Vietnam. He spent his conviction in Houston holding various short-term jobs, one including a stint at a program called Pull for Youth for underprivileged kids. Although, during this time of the early seventies reporters like to call this a, nomadic period for Bush.Time magazine wrote he became a real Texan in the family, chewing tobacco, using barnyard humor, settling in the states westerly corner, the one harboring what his au nt Nancy Ellis calls, a slightly outrageous streak (Newsmakers 1). After working as a management trainee in agriculture firm and on U. S. Senate Campaigns in Florida and Alabama, he went to Harvard Business School in 1972 and received his M. B. A. in 1975. Still following the footsteps of his father, Bush decided to go into the business of the crude industry.He realize his first million within ten days, but the oil industry for Bush didnt exactly turn out the way it had for his father. W built a small independent oil and gas exploration company called Arbusto (the Spanish word for bush). He married Laura Welch, a bibliothec and former teacher, in 1977 and then joined the 1978 race for the U. S. House of Representatives. He ran against a very or so known democratic Senator, Kent Hance. Bush lost by six points after setting a new Texas record for fundraising capabilities for a House candidate (A&E 1).In 1981, Laura gave birth to their twin daughters summonsd after their grandmot hers, Barbara and Jenna (A&E 1). By this time Bushs oil industry was re-named Bush Exploration. By the early 1980s, when the capability market turned soft, Bush Exploration foundered. In 1983, Bush combined with Spectrum 7 three years later Bush arranged fo r Spectrum 7 to be sold to hark sinew for a bargain price. He later sold his archetype stock plows and made a healthy profit of 600,000 dollars (Newsmakers 1).W also got a consulting contract and stock options with Harken which all combined to be a deal of about one million in his pocket over the next a few(prenominal) years (Newsmakers 1). Later in 1990, Time reported before Iraq invaded Kuwait, Bush sold 66% of his Harken stake at the top of the market for nearly 850,000, which was a 200% profit on his original stake (Newsmakers 2). This upset the Vice President and W, where they stated The media ought to be ashamed of itself for what theyre doing (Newsmakers 2).Needless to say, Bush went out of the business and chose to go for politics. By now he was all name and no money. On his 40th birthday, George Bush came to a cross road in his life where he stopped tipsiness and became a strong Methodist with his wife Laura. He became noticeably more serious in changing his profession to strictly politics. He moved his family to Washington D. C. in 1987 to began working on his fathers 1988 Presidential exploit (A&E 1). Though he had no official title on the campaign he became his fathers hardest and most trusted worker.He became known as a talented speaker and as the campaigns chief liaison to Christian conservatives, he gained respect for applyling volatile diplomatical matters, such as the firing of chief John Sununu, and for swiftly taking care of business (Newsmakers 1). The have sex in Washington was one that Bush did not like, even though it brought him tightly fittingr to his father, he did not like the hostile environment that the political life brought him.Bush still felt that he was trailing behind his fathers footsteps with no independence for himsel of doing something different. After his fathers successful election in November 1988 W moved back to Texas with his family, this time living in Dallas. He wasted no time in venturing out to find something new baseball was what he found. In a matter of months he gather up a team of wealthy investors and brought the American Leagues Texas Rangers to Dallas. He took role as managing partner for the team. He brought support to the team and helped boost attendance to the games. By doing this, it brought W much admiration from the Texans and the Rangers.He earned an identity of his own which was something he had been struggling a long time for. He earned a good deal of money through this great investment of 606,000, but he walked away with nearly fifteen million when the team was sold in 1998 (A&E 1). He earned this money as just a managing partner in which he only owned 5% of the team. After such great success with the Range rs, Bush decided it was time to try a hand in loca Despite his mothers opinion, Bush wanted to run as governor of Texas against the potent Democrat Ann Richards.With much advice not to, Bush jumped right into the race while his brother, Jeb, did the same in Florida. With their hump from being their fathers aid since they were eighteen, they felt they could handle such a large c oncern as governor. Many reporters felt that Bush had such an advantage by just having his last name, but to Bush he feels the complete opposite. W quoted The biggest advantage and the biggest handicap I have is my name (Newsmakers 2). The campaign against Ann Richards was tough, she used sayings such as If he didnt have his daddys name he would not amount to anything.She also used names such as jerk to sometimes address him during a debate (Newsmakers 2-3). Bushs response to the accusations was very appropriate, needless to say he did not go to her level of maturity. The debate focused on welfare reform, a crackdown on evil (e specially juveniles), growthd autonomy and state financing for local anaesthetic school districts, and personal responsibility (Newsmakers 3). Bush is quoted as saying Let Texans run Texas, this was a message that appealed to all Texans during the campaign (Newsmakers 3).Bush disappointed Ann Richards by 350,000 votes. Elected governor of Texas on November 8,1994 twenty thousand people attended Bushs inauguration in Austin, including the famous preacher Billy Graham, legendary baseball pitcher Nolan Ryan, movie star Chuck Norris, and, of course, George and Barbara Bush (Newsmakers 3). Becoming the 46th governor of Texas, Bush has earned a reputation as a compassionate conservative who shapes policy based on the principals of limited government, personal responsibility, strong families and local control (Governor 1).In an historic re-election victory, he became the first Texas Governor to be elected to unbent four-year terms on November 3, 1998, winning 6 8. 6 pct of the votes, 27 percent of the African-American votes, and 27 percent of Democrats and 65 percent of women. He is the first Republican to win the heavily Hispanic and Democratic gross profit countries of El Paso, Cameron and Hidalgo (Governor 2). In six months, he signed nearly all of his proposed reforms into law by working closely with Democratic Lieutenant Governor Bob Bullock (Newsmakers 3).Making Texas a radio beacon State, he has made policies such as responsible government, mend schools, strong families, safer streets, cleaner environment, growing scrimping are all some issues that he ha s improved during his governorship in Texas. Education is Bushs first priority in Texas. He has increased 47 percent of the TAAS tests in all parts. The number of minorities passing the mathematics portion of TAAS has increased 25 percent.The most recent National judicial decision of Educational Progress Report Card on Math Achievement showed Texas African-American fourth grade rs bedded first in nation in improvement, with Hispanic students close behind (Message1). Texas eighth graders rank fourth in the country on the 1998 National Assessment of Education Progress writing test. only minority groups and Texas African American and Hispanic eighth graders ranked first and second in the nation. course session performance has improved 87 percent of all students in grades 3-8 and 10 passed the watching TAAS in 1998, an increase from 77 percent four years ago.From 1994 to 1998, the number of schools rated exemplary rose from just 67 to 1,048. During the same time, the number of recognize d schools more than tripled from 516 to 1,666 (Message 1). He has worked with the Legislatures to increase the states share of funding for schools, so that they can restore local control, strengthen the states accountability system, wear out parents greater choice of schools and to foster competition and creativity through charter schools. This will give the people of Tex as an expanded menu of educational opportunity.His greatest goal is that every child will learn to read by third grade and continue to read at grade level or better throughout public school (Message1). Legislation signed by the governor during the 1999 Texas Legislative posing included the largest funding increase for public education in the states history and nearly two billion in tax cuts and relief, the largest tax cut in Texas history (Governor 1). In June of 1999, Bush made the one decision that would change the rest of his life.It was time to decide if he would once again follow in his fathers footsteps, and become the 43rd President of the United States. In July, 2000, Bush announced his choice of running mate Richard B. Cheney, a former congressman from Wyoming who served as escritoire of Defense under Bushs father and is now in the oil business in Texas (A&E 2). Their opponents would be Al Gore and Joseph Lieberman, two strong, powerful democrats. Throughout the campaign of 2000, the candidates were shown to be close in the poles because both had issues that were appealing to the American people.Some of the main issues are pro-life, pro-choice, social security, budget and economy, affirmative action, education, government reform, health care and prescription drugs (Issues 1-20). On November 7, 2000, both candidates await for the winning election of their lifetime. Their life experience would be rolled u p into one day and two hundred 70 Electoral College votes. When the wickedness of their lifetime finally arrived, the night ended with no presidency to guide America.That night has led to the counting, re-counting, and even hand counting of the ballots. It has also brought on numerous lawsuits from individuals to the parties themselves. It has scaled from local legal power courts all the way to the Supreme motor lodge of the United States. Even today, court cases are being comprehend that each party hopes to win in order to bring finality to the e lection. Even after the crumb clears and a President is tell, there will always be an uncertainty to the validity of this election in the minds of the people of the United States.George W. Bush, a man of pride, ambition, and power. He has served the state of Texas as their Governor, and now he has been declared twice our President of the United States of America. Will he serve America in the way he claims he can, will he be a leader for all to follow and look up to, will he be the man he acts upon being? The nation waits as the Supreme Court continue to make their rulings to find out which man will take this role as the governing body of the United States.